The neutron scattering research facilities at HFIR contain a world-class collection of instruments used for fundamental and applied research on the structure and dynamics of matter. HFIR is also used for medical, industrial, and research isotope production; research on severe neutron damage to materials; and neutron activation analysis to examine trace elements in the environment. Additionally, the building houses a gamma irradiation facility that uses spent fuel assemblies and can provide high gamma doses for studies of the effects of radiation on materials.

Recent discoveries made possible by neutrons at HFIR are helping to unravel the secrets of materials and energy. This new knowledge also leads to improvements in every day products like solar cells, hard drives, drugs, and bio-fuels. In addition, HFIRs capabilities help solve crimes and isotopes produced at HFIR are fueling the discovery of new elements and space flight.